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RE: Comments ......




This is to clarify on the issue about an ISP with sub sections and thin
links between the sub sections:

consider an isp that has a pop in three cities, A, B, and C.
  o in A is their external connection, it has a bgp speaking router
  o in B is their ixp connection, it has a bgp speaking router
  o in C is some more users
  o and the links between A, B, and C are thin (where thin means
    near capacity or slow)

if C's router just has default pointing toward A, then a packet desitined
for an IX peer will go C-A-B.  if C had a bgp-speaking router, the packet
would go C-B, saving the bandwidth on C-A.

further, consider a packet within B destined for a peer on the IX, but the
packet source's nearest router only has the default route which points
toward A.  the packet will go source-A-B-IX-peer, traversing the B-A link
twice when it need not have crossed it at all.




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